description: Stigma is affecting all of us, and that’s a fact. We see it all the time. Police pulling over a person because of their color, not sitting on the train seat because the other person is not of our color. Constantly we are affected by the invented system called stereotyping. Writing this annotated bibliography help me come across with many research that evaluates how stereotypes have fashioned the way we think and do stuff without being conscious of it.
Boubacar Diallo
Stigma And Its Limitation
Intro
Since before the day we were giving birth we were already labeled, either a boy or a girl. Later, and after, we receive another title based on numbers, our weight, and age. We then go to school, to then be given another label, our race. Since then, we are always being labeled, either having to bubble a category of race or being labeled based on our grades it is like it will never end. Hence is the label that we are giving somehow fashioned us in how we should act or mentally affected us. Through the various source of research on how stereotypes have fashioned our brain, we can see that many of us react in a way that is because of our label.
Casad, Bettina J., and William J. Bryant. “Addressing Stereotype Threat Is Critical to Diversity and Inclusion in Organizational Psychology.” Frontiers in Psychology 7 (2016): 8. PMC. Web. 19 Sept. 2018.
In this article, the effect of stereotyping in our daily life is emphasized as psychological damage. Stating that Stereotyping is the result of many psychological damages such as a cascade of events that include attentional, physiological, cognitive effect, and motivational mechanism because they believe that when a person becomes knowledgeable about their status they get to think that is relevant to everywhere they go. Leading to the increase of attention on status then over quality. They also indicate that stereotypes effects performance,
They also indicate that stereotypes effects performance, for example when the certain race is favorable than the other of another race. People start believing that they are not good enough and slow their performance. This is why we see that the statistic numbers for color people applying to ivy league colleges are very less than noncolored people because it is believed that they are less likely to get accepted to ivy league college then colored people. Hence, most deserving and most intelligent people are afraid of applying to Ivy colleges. So when we think of the emotions that the brain deals with, we think of many things that we struggle with. That is how?\, the author states that the fear of applying to ivy league colleges is accounted with the aftermath of stereotyping and how it affects individuals even in the academic area. Though the research was well organized, the author still believes that the resulting gain from the experiment doesn’t really determine if any colored people are affected with stereotyping because some colored people still do apply as it is statistically proven. Hence, stating that all colored people are affected by stereotyping because they don’t apply to Ivy colleges is not really proven to be because of stereotypes, because it could be for many reasons, some cannot afford, and others just feel like it is not fit for them. For this case, the author should at least survey 100 high school students and see if they are afraid of attending Ivy league colleges because of the fear of rejection due to their race or it is because of other reasons.
This article demonstrates how the stereotype of race influences people to react in fear. First, by giving an assessment to African Americans and to white Americans and telling them that it will rate their intelligence, the students that were white, in result did very well while the students that were African Americans did poorly. When they were giving another test which they were told that it won’t rate their intelligence both white and black students did fairly well. After, the students were surveyed and asked what was the reason behind doing fairly bad on one of the exams and doing fairly well on the other. Most students responded that because of the fear of knowing the stigma that is giving to them. Which being that, they are not smart enough, they end up doing fairly bad and because the other test did not require to rate their intelligence they did fairly good. The researchers then came to the conclusion that knowing where society has placed you can hugely put fear in your mind. Overall the research was very well done. The abstract told the reader what was being experimented and somehow, in the end, it made the reader sympathize with the participants.
Statistically demonstrating how in 2014, 32 million people were reported to have been unfairly misjudged because of the fear that they would do something based on their race. Also that the constitutional safeguards against racial profiling exist, and that the Supreme court allows the use of traffic violation to stop other people. In another way, it means that the police could stop someone just by their physical appearance and most people are stopped for the wrong reason. By trying to solve this case the author conducted a survey in which he asked 100 participants mixed race if they ever been asked to pull over by cops and how they reacted. The results showed that majority of the participants who were black said they did get pull over and they had to comply with the officer because the wrong move, like trying to reach a comb or reaching for an id could actually mean they are taking out a weapon to the officer. While the majority of the participants who were white stated that they acted normally. This in conclusion that the author states, because of the labels giving by society many react in fear and some are forced to act against what they actually are as an individual rather a label.
Inzlicht, M., McKay, L., & Aronson, J. (2006). Stigma as Ego Depletion: How Being the Target of Prejudice Affects Self-Control. Psychological Science, 17(3), 262–269. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01695.x
This study evaluated whether stereotype reduces the potential groups of people to regulate their behavior. Since learning to cope with stigma needs personality-regulation and life-regulation is indeed a tool of reduced capacity, they anticipated that people relating to stereotyped groups will be less able to restrict their own behavior once they became mindful of their stigmatizing status or joined intimidating societies. The psychologist Inzlicht and Mckay both conducted research to find out. Which in result research 1 showed a correlation around stereotype awareness and life-regulation. As this proved that the much aware that
African Americans were to their stereotyped the less self-control they revealed. Experiments 2 and 3 offered cause and effect proof for the self-depleting characteristics for stigma through removing interesting new stigma: stereotyped respondents who are students of color and young women did show damaged identity control to two quite different fields which are cognitive and physiological identity regulation, even before the stigma is detected. Findings 2 and 3 presented cause and effect proof for both the self-depleting characteristics of prejudice by resetting experimental prejudice: if the stigma has been activated, stereotyped individuals who are black students and females did show unwell self-control in two quite fields of study of perceptual and personal conscience-regulation. This research, in the end, was evident to prove that stereotyping can really affect an individual to a point where they had to control and limit themselves because of knowing their stigma.
Butler-Barnes, Sheretta T., et al. “Voluntary Interdistrict Choice Program: Examining Black Girls’ Experiences at a Predominately White School.” The Urban Review, vol. 51, no. 2, 2019, p. 149+. Academic OneFile, https://link-galegroup-com.ccny-proxy1.libr.ccny.cuny.edu/apps/doc/A583260711/AONE?u=cuny_ccny&sid=AONE&xid=2510bf0f. Accessed 8 May 2019.
